Affinity, potency and efficacy of tramadol
and its metabolites at the cloned human mu-opioid receptor
by
Gillen C, Haurand M, Kobelt DJ, Wnendt S
Department of Molecular Pharmacology,
Grunenthal GmbH,
Aachen, Germany. Clemens.Gillen@grunenthal.de
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2000 Aug; 362(2):116-21

ABSTRACT

The present study was conducted to characterise the centrally active analgesic drug tramadol hydrochloride [(1RS,2RS)-2-[(dimethyl-amino)-methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)-cyclohexanol hydrochloride] and its metabolites M1, M2, M3, M4 and M5 at the cloned human mu-opioid receptor. Membranes from stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were used to determine the four parameters of the ligand-receptor interaction: the affinity of (+/-)-tramadol and its metabolites was determined by competitive inhibition of [3H]naloxone binding under high and low salt conditions. The agonist-induced stimulation of [35S]GTPgammaS binding permits the measurement of potency (EC50), efficacy (Emax = maximal stimulation) and relative intrinsic efficacy (effect as a function of receptor occupation). The metabolite (+)-M1 showed the highest affinity (Ki=3.4 nM) to the human mu-opioid receptor, followed by (+/-)-M5 (Ki=100 nM), (-)-M1 (Ki=240 nM) and (+/-)-tramadol (Ki=2.4 microM). The [35S]GTPgammaS binding assay revealed an agonistic activity for the metabolites (+)-M1, (-)-M1 and (+/-)-M5 with the following rank order of intrinsic efficacy: (+)-M1>(+/-)-M5>(-)-M1. The metabolites (+/-)-M2, (+/-)-M3 and (+/-)-M4 displayed only weak affinity (Ki> 10 microM) and had no stimulatory effect on GTPgammaS binding. These data indicate that the metabolite (+)-M1 is responsible for the mu-opioid-derived analgesic effect.

Dosage
Reward
Morphine
Fentanyl
Tolerance
Endomorphins
Buprenorphine
Opiate Timeline
Tramadol: structure
Tramadol and analgesia
Tramadol and acute pain
Tramadol as an antidepressant
Tramadol: risk/benefit analysis
Tramadol versus buprenorphine
Depression, opioids and the HPA
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
Morphine: a mood-brightening smart-drug?
Tramadol, depression and Parkinson's disease
CYP2D6 polymorphism and tramadol (Ultram) metabolism

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